A find of around fifty Bronze Age items, intact or large fragments, has been made in Alingsås. Most of the items are ornaments for personal adornment, and they constitute one of the biggest and most spectacular depot finds from the late Bronze Age ever made not just in West Sweden, but in Sweden as a whole.
”It is also one of few sites of its kind to have been examined archaeologically, so the find is unique in several ways. Not since the bronze shields from Fröslunda were excavated in a field in Skaraborg in the mid-1980s has such an exciting Bronze Age find been made in Sweden,” says Pernilla Morner, antiquities specialist on the Västra Götaland County Administrative Board.
Discovered by a private individual
In early April the Västra Götaland County Administrative Board received a notification of an ancient find from a man who had come across some bronze objects which appeared to be made by hand, in the woods near Alingsås. It turned out to be what is known as a depot find, or a hoard of items, from the end of the late Bronze Age – probably the period between 750BC and 500BC. The discovery consisted of some very well-preserved neck rings, chains and clothing pins made of bronze. The objects lay exposed on the ground in front of some boulders below a rocky peak in the woods. Presumably foraging animals had brought them into the open by scrabbling in a cavity between the boulders, where it may be assumed they previously lay.
Archaeological examination
The County Administrative Board immediately decided to carry out an archaeological examination, in order to secure any other objects which might still be at the site as well as to learn more about the circumstances surrounding the remains. In the Bronze and Iron Ages people would sometimes offer objects as a ritual act, perhaps to the gods or as an investment in life after death. This they might do by submerging the objects in lakes and waterways. In most cases finds of such sacrificial offerings were made in connection with peat harvesting or draining of land for cultivation, and occurred principally in the 19th and 20th centuries. A depot find such as this one, made in rugged woodland, is more unusual.
An unusually rich and sumptuous find
The archaeological examination was carried out last week by archaeologists and curators from the Administration for Cultural Development in Region Västra Götaland, in collaboration with researchers from the University of Gothenburg. It identified around fifty items, either intact or large fragments. Additionally about twenty indeterminate bronze fragments and ten iron fragments were found.
”Most of the items found are bronze objects which can be associated with a woman of high status from the Bronze Age. They were used to adorn various parts of the body, and include neck rings, bracelets and ankle rings as well as large pins and eyelets used to decorate and hold up various types of garments which were probably made of wool,” says Johan Ling, professor of archaeology at the University of Gothenburg.
Besides neck rings, dress pins, spirals, chains and a tutulus (a clothing or belt ornament), a socketed axe was found as well as residual products from bronze casting. A rod which it is believed may have been used to goad and spur horses was also found. This is a type of object which has previously been found in Denmark but not, until now, in Sweden.
”For us as archaeologists it’s very rare to find a hoard, so that’s of course an awesome feeling. These bronze objects are both unusual and fabulously well-preserved considering their age,” says Mats Hellgren, archaeologist at the Administration for Cultural Development.
The next step is to ensure that the objects can be preserved. Madelene Skogbert is a curator at the Administration for Cultural Development, and has been involved since the fieldwork stage.
”My job in the field is mainly to minimise the risk of further damage in the form of changes to the environment, or in handling. We mustn’t forget that the reason the objects still exist at all is that a balance had evolved between the material in the objects and the surrounding environment. When this balance is upset, as it is in an excavation, it’s important that the appropriate measures can be applied immediately,” she says.
FACTS
- A depot find or a hoard is a site where one or more objects are found which may be assumed to have been deliberately deposited there. Hoards of metal objects from the Bronze Age and Iron Age have previously mostly been found in wetlands. It is less common for them to be found in woodland.
- Under Kulturmiljölagen (the Historic Environment Act), an ancient find is an object which has no owner and which is discovered on a site of ancient remains, or in some other place, and may be assumed to be from before 1850.
- Ancient finds associated with a site of ancient remains or an ancient monument become the property of the state. Ancient finds made under other circumstances become the property of the person making the find. But if the ancient find is of gold, silver, copper or bronze, or of another alloy of copper, or if it consists of two or more objects which it may be assumed were deposited together, the person making the find is obliged to offer the state to take possession of it in exchange for a sum of money.
- If you make an ancient find that the state is entitled to take possession of in exchange for money you have to notify the County Administrative Board or the police. If the find is part of a shipwreck find you can also contact Kustbevakningen, the Swedish Coast Guard. You may then be obliged to relinquish the ancient find against a receipt, and to state where, when and how you encountered it.
- It is Riksantikvarieämbetet, the Swedish National Heritage Board, that decides whether the state is going to take possession of the ancient find, and if so what compensation or reward will be paid to the finder.
Contacts
Pernilla Morner, antiquities specialist (the Cultural Heritage Unit), Västra Götaland County Administrative Board
Phone: 010-224 46 97
Email: pernilla.morner@lansstyrelsen.se
Mats Hellgren, archaeologist, the Administration for Cultural Development, Region Västra Götaland
Phone: 0760-51 77 25
Email: mats.hellgren@vgregion.se
Madelene Skogbert, curator, the Administration for Cultural Development, Region Västra Götaland
Phone: 0739-62 45 35
Email: madelene.skogbert@vgregion.se
Johan Ling, Professor of Archaeology at the Department of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg
Phone: 0702-49 45 74
Email: johan.ling@archaeology.gu.se
Associated material
Video: The press release includes a video clip of approx 1 min 15 sec duration which may be used freely in connection with information about the Bronze Age find. Please credit Mikael Agaton as the photographer. The clip is an excerpt from a fortcoming documentary about the Bronze Age on Sweden’s west coast. The video includes statements by Johan Ling, professor of archaeology at the University of Gothenburg, and Johanna Lega, archaeologist with the Administration for Cultural Development at Region Västra Götaland. The video also features the archaeologist Mats Hellgren and the curator Madelene Skogbert. The video is here on Vimeo. (You can choose subtitles in English) Please contact zara.tellander@vgregion.se if you want the video as a file.
Photographs: Photos from the site of the find are available in our press room. Please state the photographer’s name (at the end of the filename) on publication.
Live press conference: A press conference was held in the morning of 29 April. (Language: Swedish) You can watch a recording of it here...